Electrolyte Imbalance Quiz: Sodium and Potassium

1. Question 1
   • 134 mEq/L
   • 140 mEq/L
   • 149 mEq/L
   • 128 mEq/L
2. Question 2
   • Bone tissue
   • Intracellular fluid
   • Extracellular fluid
   • Gastrointestinal contents
3. Question 3
   • They swell as water moves into them
   • They rupture because sodium enters the nucleus
   • They maintain their volume because sodium cannot affect water movement
   • They shrink as water moves out of them
4. Question 4
   • Excessive water intake
   • Rehydration with water and solutes
   • Administration of hypotonic IV fluid
   • Repeated vomiting with inadequate fluid replacement
5. Question 5
   • Confusion and irritability
   • Only localized numbness of the lips
   • Hand spasm after blood pressure cuff inflation
   • Absent neurological effects
6. Question 6
   • Facial twitching when the facial nerve is tapped
   • Diarrhea caused by excess potassium
   • A slow, weak pulse caused by excess magnesium
   • Severe thirst and sticky mucous membranes
7. Question 7
   • Potassium leaves the kidneys and directly compresses brain tissue
   • Sodium moves into brain cells, causing them to shrink
   • Water leaves brain cells because extracellular sodium is elevated
   • Water moves into brain cells, causing them to swell
8. Question 8
   • A person reduces oral water intake
   • A marathon runner replaces losses only with water
   • A person receives a prescribed hypertonic saline solution
   • A person has prolonged diarrhea without drinking
9. Question 9
   • Encouraging unrestricted water intake
   • Increasing dietary sodium without assessing the cause
   • Limiting water intake or discontinuing hypotonic IV fluids
   • Administering potassium by IV push
10. Question 10
    • Both are treated by increasing free-water intake
    • Both cause water to move out of brain cells
    • Hypernatremia causes only gastrointestinal symptoms, whereas hyponatremia causes only renal symptoms
    • Hypernatremia causes brain-cell shrinkage, whereas hyponatremia can cause brain-cell swelling
11. Question 11
    • Typical upper-limit value
    • Definite hypernatremia
    • Definite hyponatremia
    • Uninterpretable because sodium is measured in mg/dL
12. Question 12
    • 4.2 mEq/L
    • 5.6 mEq/L
    • 3.4 mEq/L
    • 2.9 mEq/L
13. Question 13
    • The interstitial space only
    • Extracellular fluid
    • Intravascular plasma only
    • Intracellular fluid
14. Question 14
    • Coffee, tea, and carbonated drinks
    • Salt substitutes only
    • Bananas, oranges, and tomatoes
    • Butter, oils, and refined sugar
15. Question 15
    • Sodium and potassium excretion together
    • Sodium and potassium retention without renal effects
    • Potassium reabsorption and sodium excretion
    • Sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion
16. Question 16
    • A rise in blood potassium
    • A rise in blood sodium
    • An increase in dietary potassium absorption without a blood change
    • A fall in intracellular potassium only
17. Question 17
    • Sodium excretion increases while potassium is retained
    • Both sodium and potassium are prevented from crossing the renal tubule
    • Potassium excretion increases
    • Potassium is moved from urine back into blood exclusively
18. Question 18
    • It moves potassium from extracellular fluid into cells
    • It prevents potassium from being absorbed from food
    • It moves potassium from cells into extracellular fluid
    • It causes potassium to be excreted directly through the lungs
19. Question 19
    • Potassium is converted into sodium during diuretic therapy
    • These drugs prevent all potassium absorption from the intestine
    • Potassium is excreted by the kidneys along with water
    • These drugs move potassium permanently into bone
20. Question 20
    • Oral administration
    • IV push
    • IV infusion mixed with fluids
    • Dietary intake
21. Question 21
    • Give it as an infusion mixed with fluids and follow agency safety protocols
    • Avoid monitoring because potassium is rapidly excreted
    • Administer it by IV push if the serum level is low
    • Administer it rapidly to restore the level immediately
22. Question 22
    • Potassium balance supports normal cardiac function, and abnormal levels can disrupt rhythms
    • Potassium is unrelated to cardiac electrical activity
    • Only sodium abnormalities affect cardiac contractility
    • Potassium affects skeletal muscle but not cardiac muscle
23. Question 23
    • Kidney failure
    • Increased urinary potassium loss from a loop diuretic
    • Excessive water intake alone
    • Inadequate dietary potassium intake
24. Question 24
    • A prescribed hypotonic IV solution
    • Potassium-sparing diuretics
    • A diet low in potassium
    • Potassium-wasting loop diuretics
25. Question 25
    • Isolated headache after excess water intake
    • Facial twitching when the facial nerve is tapped
    • Sticky mucous membranes without cardiac findings
    • Progression from ECG abnormalities to dysrhythmias
26. Question 26
    • Headache, brain-cell swelling, and coma after water excess
    • Thready pulse, lethargy, and weakness due to potassium depletion
    • Cardiac rhythm changes, cramping, diarrhea, and irritability
    • Severe thirst, sticky mucous membranes, and cellular dehydration
27. Question 27
    • To remove potassium through the lungs
    • To prevent potassium from entering cells
    • To bind potassium in the gastrointestinal tract
    • To move potassium into cells and lower serum potassium
28. Question 28
    • Glucose monitoring replaces cardiac monitoring during hyperkalemia
    • Insulin can cause low blood glucose, so supplemental dextrose may be needed
    • Insulin permanently raises blood glucose, so dextrose reverses hyperglycemia
    • Blood glucose determines whether potassium can bind in the GI tract
29. Question 29
    • It shifts all potassium into the gastrointestinal tract
    • It replaces the need for treatment that lowers potassium
    • It permanently removes potassium through the kidneys
    • It temporarily protects cardiac muscle from potassium's effects
30. Question 30
    • It moves potassium into cells through an insulin-like action
    • It prevents sodium from being reabsorbed in the distal tubule
    • It protects cardiac muscle without changing potassium handling
    • It binds excess potassium so it can be excreted through the GI tract

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