Nursing Pharmacology Essentials

1. Question 1
   • Decreased binding of the medication to its receptor site
   • Increased risk of drug toxicity from elevated free drug levels
   • Increased excretion of the medication by the kidneys
   • Decreased therapeutic effect of the medication
2. Question 2
   • Transdermal administration avoids the first-pass effect, allowing the drug to enter the bloodstream directly.
   • Transdermal medications are less expensive than oral tablets.
   • Transdermal medications are absorbed faster than oral tablets.
   • Transdermal administration is preferred because it does not require a prescription.
3. Question 3
   • Cartilage tissue
   • Adipose tissue
   • Bone tissue
   • Skeletal muscle tissue
4. Question 4
   • The medication is lipid-soluble or has a carrier molecule.
   • The medication is highly protein-bound.
   • The medication is water-soluble and has a large molecular size.
   • The medication is an ionized compound.
5. Question 5
   • Faster renal excretion
   • Reduced absorption of both drugs
   • Increased bleeding risk from additive effects on hemostasis
   • Formation of an inactive complex
6. Question 6
   • Monitor for a slower onset of action and potentially prolonged effects of the medication.
   • Administer the medication via the intramuscular route to ensure faster absorption.
   • Expect the medication to be distributed more rapidly to tissues due to decreased blood flow.
   • Increase the dosage of the medication to compensate for decreased absorption.
7. Question 7
   • Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug effects on the body, while pharmacodynamics is the study of how the body affects the drug.
   • Pharmacokinetics involves the lock-and-key model of drug-receptor interaction, while pharmacodynamics involves drug absorption and distribution.
   • Pharmacokinetics describes what the body does to the drug (ADME), while pharmacodynamics describes what the drug does to the body.
   • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are interchangeable terms for the study of drug action.
8. Question 8
   • Slower drug metabolism due to impaired liver function
   • Increased risk of toxicity due to higher levels of free drug
   • Decreased drug effect due to reduced drug absorption
   • Enhanced drug excretion due to increased kidney perfusion
9. Question 9
   • Rapid absorption in the stomach
   • Enzymatic breakdown in the stomach and duodenum
   • Binding to food particles
   • Excretion in the feces before absorption
10. Question 10
    • The drug will be metabolized more slowly.
    • The drug will be excreted more rapidly.
    • More free drug will be available to bind to receptors.
    • The drug will be absorbed more quickly from the GI tract.
11. Question 11
    • Give the dose with extra water
    • Verify renal data, the ordered dose, and drug-specific parameters; clarify unresolved concerns
    • Give half the dose without an order
    • Automatically hold every dose whenever kidney function is decreased
12. Question 12
    • Small intestine (alkaline environment)
    • Mouth (neutral environment)
    • Large intestine (neutral environment)
    • Stomach (acidic environment)
13. Question 13
    • Inhaled insulin is absorbed more slowly than subcutaneous insulin.
    • Inhaled insulin must be taken with a full meal to be effective.
    • Inhaled insulin is stored in the liver and released as needed.
    • Inhaled insulin bypasses the first-pass effect and is rapidly absorbed.
14. Question 14
    • Decreased blood flow to the lower extremities
    • Increased metabolism by the liver
    • Increased protein binding
    • Decreased gastric absorption
15. Question 15
    • It must bind to food
    • It must be excreted by the kidneys
    • It must undergo enzymatic conversion to an active form
    • It must be stored in adipose tissue
16. Question 16
    • It will have a large volume of distribution.
    • It will be unable to cross the blood-brain barrier.
    • It will distribute primarily to lean muscle tissue.
    • It will be rapidly excreted by the kidneys.
17. Question 17
    • Reduced substrate concentration and effect
    • Guaranteed toxicity
    • A longer half-life in every case
    • No possible interaction
18. Question 18
    • Absorption only
    • Both absorption and distribution
    • Metabolism only
    • Distribution only
19. Question 19
    • Generic drugs are not regulated by the FDA.
    • Generic drugs are less effective than brand-name drugs.
    • Generic drugs contain the same active ingredient as the brand-name drug.
    • Brand-name drugs are always safer than generic drugs.
20. Question 20
    • 3-5 days
    • 1-2 days
    • 7-10 days
    • 5-7 days
21. Question 21
    • Administer the medication with food to enhance absorption.
    • Ensure that the client receives the exact dose prescribed.
    • Encourage the client to increase fluid intake.
    • Monitor the client's vital signs every 15 minutes.
22. Question 22
    • "The FDA assigns Boxed Warnings to medications that have the highest safety-related risks."
    • "The FDA ensures the safety and efficacy of new drugs before they can be sold."
    • "The FDA is responsible for enforcing the Controlled Substances Act."
    • "The FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research reviews drug company data to approve new drugs."
23. Question 23
    • Schedule I
    • Schedule IV
    • Schedule III
    • Schedule II
24. Question 24
    • The nurse promotes, advocates for, and protects the rights, health, and safety of the patient.
    • The nurse has authority, accountability, and responsibility for nursing practice; makes decisions; and takes action consistent with the obligation to promote health and to provide optimal care.
    • The nurse's primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, group, community, or population.
    • The nurse practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and unique attributes of every person.
25. Question 25
    • Diagnosis
    • Outcomes Identification
    • Planning
    • Assessment
26. Question 26
    • Provide a legal record for potential lawsuits.
    • Identify system failures and improve patient safety.
    • Discipline the nurse who made the error.
    • Notify the FDA of the specific drug involved.
27. Question 27
    • Evaluate Outcomes
    • Recognize Cues
    • Take Action
    • Generate Solutions
28. Question 28
    • The nurse promotes, advocates for, and protects the health, safety, and rights of the patient.
    • The nurse has authority, accountability, and responsibility for nursing practice; makes decisions; and takes action consistent with the obligation to promote health and to provide optimal care.
    • The nurse's primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, group, community, or population.
    • The nurse practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and unique attributes of every person.
29. Question 29
    • Evaluation
    • Planning
    • Implementation
    • Assessment
30. Question 30
    • Health Teaching and Health Promotion
    • Culturally Congruent Practice
    • Quality of Practice
    • Coordination of Care

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