Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation Practice

1. Question 1
   • Blood collected from a capillary only
   • Blood collected from a vein
   • Urine collected from the bladder
   • Blood collected from an artery
2. Question 2
   • pH, PaO2, PaCO2, HCO3, and SaO2
   • HCO3, hemoglobin, platelet count, and PaCO2
   • pH, serum sodium, serum potassium, and creatinine
   • PaO2, urine output, respiratory rate, and SaO2
3. Question 3
   • To measure arterial oxygen pressure
   • To estimate the bicarbonate concentration
   • To determine whether the blood is acidic
   • To verify adequate collateral blood flow to the hand
4. Question 4
   • The hand becomes colder and paler
   • Warmth and color return to the hand
   • The hand remains completely unchanged
   • The radial pulse disappears permanently
5. Question 5
   • Neutral
   • Alkaline
   • Acidic
   • Normal
6. Question 6
   • A low pH indicates a lower hydrogen ion concentration
   • A low pH indicates increased bicarbonate concentration only
   • A low pH indicates a higher hydrogen ion concentration
   • A low pH indicates that carbon dioxide is absent
7. Question 7
   • PaCO2 40 mmHg and HCO3 24 mEq/L
   • PaCO2 32 mmHg and HCO3 28 mEq/L
   • PaCO2 25 mmHg and HCO3 18 mEq/L
   • PaCO2 50 mmHg and HCO3 30 mEq/L
8. Question 8
   • Both samples demonstrate carbon dioxide retention
   • Both samples have normal PaCO2 values
   • Sample X has reduced carbon dioxide and Sample Y has retained carbon dioxide
   • Sample X has retained carbon dioxide and Sample Y has reduced carbon dioxide
9. Question 9
   • PaCO2 and pH remain unchanged
   • PaCO2 and pH both decrease
   • PaCO2 increases and pH decreases
   • PaCO2 decreases and pH increases
10. Question 10
    • More CO2 is removed, increasing acidity and lowering pH
    • More bicarbonate is excreted immediately by the lungs
    • Less CO2 is removed, decreasing acidity and raising pH
    • Less CO2 is removed, increasing acidity and lowering pH
11. Question 11
    • pH above 7.45 with HCO3 below 22 mEq/L
    • pH below 7.35 with PaCO2 above 45 mmHg
    • pH above 7.45 with PaCO2 above 45 mmHg
    • pH below 7.35 with HCO3 above 26 mEq/L
12. Question 12
    • SaO2 measures hemoglobin saturation, whereas hypercapnia concerns carbon dioxide
    • PaCO2 and SaO2 are identical measurements
    • SaO2 is always low when PaCO2 is high
    • SaO2 directly measures hydrogen ion concentration
13. Question 13
    • Mild thirst only
    • Isolated increased appetite
    • Improved alertness and concentration
    • Delirium or reduced level of consciousness
14. Question 14
    • pH above 7.45 and HCO3 above 26 mEq/L
    • pH above 7.45 and PaCO2 below 35 mmHg
    • pH below 7.35 and PaCO2 above 45 mmHg
    • pH below 7.35 and HCO3 below 22 mEq/L
15. Question 15
    • Somnolence, confusion, and progressive coma only
    • Increased appetite, fever, and joint stiffness
    • Dizziness, paresthesias, palpitations, and chest tightness
    • Severe jaundice, edema, and polyuria
16. Question 16
    • Decreased HCO3 and increased pH
    • Increased PaCO2 and decreased pH
    • Decreased PaCO2 and increased pH
    • Increased HCO3 and decreased PaCO2
17. Question 17
    • CO2 retention causes the pH to fall
    • CO2 elimination causes the pH to rise
    • Hydrogen ion retention by the lungs causes the pH to fall
    • Bicarbonate elimination by the lungs causes the pH to fall
18. Question 18
    • Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
    • Fully compensated metabolic alkalosis
    • Uncompensated metabolic acidosis
    • Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
19. Question 19
    • Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
    • Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
    • Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
    • Fully compensated respiratory acidosis
20. Question 20
    • Increased bicarbonate excretion alone
    • Hypoventilation
    • Hyperventilation
    • Loss of gastric hydrogen ions alone
21. Question 21
    • Partially compensated respiratory acidosis
    • Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
    • Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
    • Uncompensated metabolic acidosis
22. Question 22
    • pH 7.48, PaCO2 30 mmHg, HCO3 24 mEq/L
    • pH 7.30, PaCO2 35 mmHg, HCO3 18 mEq/L
    • pH 7.48, PaCO2 50 mmHg, HCO3 30 mEq/L
    • pH 7.30, PaCO2 50 mmHg, HCO3 24 mEq/L
23. Question 23
    • 22–26 mEq/L
    • 80–100 mEq/L
    • 35–45 mEq/L
    • 7.35–7.45 mEq/L
24. Question 24
    • pH below 7.35 and HCO3 above 26 mEq/L
    • pH above 7.45 and HCO3 above 26 mEq/L
    • pH above 7.45 and HCO3 below 22 mEq/L
    • pH below 7.35 and HCO3 below 22 mEq/L
25. Question 25
    • Increased bicarbonate concentration
    • Ketone accumulation
    • Loss of gastric hydrogen ions
    • Reduced carbon dioxide production from hyperventilation
26. Question 26
    • It causes retention of excessive bicarbonate
    • It directly causes carbon dioxide retention through the lungs
    • It causes increased loss of bicarbonate
    • It shifts all hydrogen ions out of the bloodstream
27. Question 27
    • Excessive removal of carbon dioxide by hyperventilation
    • Increased renal retention of hydrogen ions during alkalosis
    • Loss of hydrogen ions in gastric secretions
    • Accumulation of lactic acid related to impaired tissue oxygenation
28. Question 28
    • Respiratory alkalosis with metabolic compensation
    • Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
    • Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation
    • Respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation
29. Question 29
    • Respiratory alkalosis
    • Metabolic acidosis
    • Metabolic alkalosis
    • Respiratory acidosis
30. Question 30
    • Retention of carbon dioxide raises blood pH
    • Loss of gastric bicarbonate lowers blood pH
    • Loss of gastric hydrogen ions raises blood pH
    • Accumulation of ketones raises blood pH

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